What is bladder cancer?
Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies. It arises from the cells lining the inside of the bladder wall and can present at different stages. The majority of cases are initially non-muscle-invasive, meaning the tumor is confined to the superficial layers of the bladder and has not yet penetrated the muscle.
In these early stages, endoscopic surgery — performed entirely through the natural urinary passage without any external incision — is the standard treatment. Precise and complete removal of the tumor is essential both for accurate staging and for reducing the risk of recurrence.